Britain became a member of Roman Empire in A. D.43 year. And it was so up to 410 year, when Celts and Saxons and other tribes conquered Britain. Small kingdoms of Great Britain were conquered by Norman general Wilhelm united them into a single entity. . I n 1215 king John Bezzemelnyj has signed the guarantee of the rights providing leadership of the law " the Magna Carta» (the document till this moment is one of the basic parts of the constitution of the country). In 1338 England has entered war with France, proceeding more than hundred years (till 1483).
Almost right after its terminations war for the English throne (War of Roses), terminated in 1485 a victory of dynasty Tudor has flashed. During reign of queen Elizabeth I England has turned to great sea power and has received rather extensive colonies on several continents. In 1603 when the Scottish king Jacob VI has been crowned on the English throne as King Jacob I, Scotland and England were actually united in one state. However the kingdom of the Great Britain has been proclaimed after signing the certificate about association in 1707, since same time London became capital of the uniform state. In 1642–1649 the conflict between royal house Stuarts and parliament has led to bloody civil war as a result of which the republic has been proclaimed led by Oliver Cromwell. The monarchy was soon renewed, however rights of king were considerably are cut down, and actually completeness of authority was at parliament. At the end of XVIII century the Great Britain has lost 13 American colonies, however has considerably strengthened the positions in Canada and India. In 1801 Ireland has been attached to kingdom.
In 18151 the Great Britain has played rather big role in route of Napoleonic army that has strengthened its positions as one of the major European powers. After that the country the whole century, lived in the harmony expanding the colonial possession which have especially grown in days of board of Queen Victoria (1837–1901). After the First World War Great Britain was in heavy economic position, which partly was on a hand to the Irish emancipating movement, and in 1921 Ireland has proclaimed independence.
National problems in Scotland and in Northern Ireland aggravated after the Second World War. The events in the Northern Ireland took especially dramatic character, where actually since 1969 was war. Irish republic army announced cease one-sided fire, and peace negotiations, which started at the beginning of 90-th, between the government of Great Britain and Ireland went on a little bit quicker. However,
Irish republic army was displeased by the process of
peace negotiations, fighters of. Irish republic army renewed assassinations. England and Ireland came to an agreement about the settlement of frictions by peace political means.
GREAT BRITAIN is a member of UNO and other particularized agencies in this organization: NATO, EU, organization of economical collaboration and development, British Commonwealth of Nations.
System of the State:
The Head of the State — Queen Elizabeth II
The Head of the government-The Prime Minister
The Prime Legislative Body — Parliament has two parts:
The House of Lords and the House of Commons.
The Supreme Executive Power — Council of Ministers
In the head with Chancellor. |
