Economy

Great Britain takes the first place in Europe by its power reserves and is the greatest producer of oil and gas and coal in this region
The extractive industry considerably reduced coal output,
But it increased extraction of oil and gas
The general resources of coal-189 billion of tones, including extractive tones-45 billion of tones Great Britain takes the third place in Europe by its resources of coal (after Germany and Poland). The main part of mining is concentrated in three coal basins: Yorkshire,
Nortumbland -Darem and South-Wales

Reserves of oil-2 billion of tones, natural gas- 2 billion of m3.Extraction leads at fifty deposits the largest of them -Brent, Fortes. It is expected that Great Britain will remain large producer of oil. Great number of small thermo-electric power stations were closed in the countries in the last decades, (with capacity 1,5-2millions of kilowatt), 12 nuclear power stations works with capacity14millions of kilowatt. Nuclear power stations are situated on the shore, aside the populated areas, in the districts with the deficit of other power sources. The power grid «Super grid» functions.The cable laid under the English Channel connecting power grids of GREAT BRITAIN and FRANCE. The ferrous metallurgy are shown in this country by four metallurgical districts Sheffield-Roterem with its specialization on qualitative steel and electric steel, Lanvern and Scanter, Redcar. Nonferrous metallurgy develops due to a high demand in nonferrous metals and mainly are shown by production of secondary metals and what is more all these practically at the absolute absence of resources base. Only aluminum and nickel are produced out of the original metals. Two English companies- «RIO Tinto-Zenu» and «Johnson Mattey»- is a part of 25 the greatest produces of nonferrous metals in the world.
Concern «RIO Tinto Zenu» controls 40 companies mining ore and producing nonferrous metals in many countries of the world. About 13% augmentable assets of companies concentrated in Great Britain, 46%-in Australia and New Zeeland, others -in African countries, West Europe. Extraction and production of copper, aurum, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, and stannum is the main sphere of capital investments of the company.

Chemical industry-one of the most dynamically developing branches- is notable for its high level of export. Together with British capital «BP Chemicals» «Shell chemicals» «Imperial Chemicals Industries» Beecham group» in this field is presented by foreign, first of all, American capital.
The main producers in this branch 75 chemicals concerns, 35 of them control more than 40% of making chemicals in capitalist countries. The most large-scale chemical company in Great Britain is ICI. At the same time it is the fifth chemical concern in the world sale.
Electrical engineering and electronics took the first place the structure of machine building by cost of production. Great Britain has strong positions in manufacture of electro motors and turbines as before. British companies are traditionally strong in manufacturing of appliance and communication facilities. (British Telecom, «RACAL Electronics», «SIEMENS-PLESSY»)Scientific devices and industrial appliances have 2/3 costs of productions including series of newest kinds of diagnostic and testing equipment. Production of watches and cameras is also developed.
Rocket production and motor-car construction became the main fields in transport engineering industry.
Food industry is one of the main spheres of concentration of British capital: out of 40 corporations of the state coming into «Club 500» the biggest firms, this field is presented by whole dozen of companies «Unilever», «Grand metropolitan» at the head. High competitiveness food concentrates, confectionary, soft drinks, tobacco goods have at the world market. Large-scale monopolies are not the only representatives of economic life in Great Britain. More than 1.3millions of small and middle-sized firms are counted in the country. 57 thousands of them are industrial. Small firms are functioning now at all the spheres of economy: industrial production, services, market. Small and middle-sized firms play the particular part in the development of «high-end technologies» and «high technique» branches (electronics, bioengineering, chemistry, instrument making). Implementation firms deal in the giving areas develop new types of technologies and food and carrying new ideas to the period of applying in industry. Large-scale British companies often establish flexible economic and industrial transactions with small and middle-sized firms draws them in its sphere of business activity.
Foreign activities are integral part of actions of small and middle sized firms notwithstanding that foreign economic sphere continued to be the area where the priority, as before, belongs to the large scale companies. In order to activate foreign economical actions of small and middle sized firms, the program of state guaranty is developed and fulfilled in Great Britain. Nowadays small and middle sized British firms gradually increase not only the exportation of goods and services, but and export of entrepreneur’s capital by establishment its filials. British small and middle sized companies open its filials in West Europe, USA, Australia, Africa. About 50% questioned small and middle sized firms of number establishing foreign filials in Great Britain, bring out of the broad difficult processes.
London is the biggest international financial center after New-York. Its positions constantly consolidated due to development of gauge of activities investment Eurocurrency market and dollar bonds, as it is a main center of which. Credit and monetary system of Great Britain is one of the most developed in the capitalistic world. High level of «division of labor» between different financial establishments, wide fork and great variety of different types of pecuniary institutions is typical for it.
Agriculture of Great Britain is characterized by high scientific and technical level of production and high efficiency. The supply of the country grows steadily owing to domestic resources. Self -sufficiency is reached in such food as milk, eggs, meat, poultry, pork, beef, such grains as wheat, oat, barley, by fruits (including potato) bring in mutton butter, sugar, apples, cheeses. Arable compile 60% (including36% of meadows improvement and seed ones),natural pasturages- 24%, other lands-15%. 

Stock-raising dominates in the structure of agriculture in many ways due to soft and damp climate. The main branch of stock-raising is breeding of cattle. Swine-breeding and poultry industry make account of the essence. The stock of sheep increases by the dilatation of meaty course. 60% of agricultural lands are occupied by perennial green fodders, more than 28%-
Under the cereals grain-crops: 12% under the industrial crops (colza, white beet, flax) and forage crops and also by kitchen gardens and berry-plantations.